Las Personas Mayores en la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos: Contribuciones del Periódico Psicologia: Reflexao e Crítica (de 2000 a 2012)

Ese trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación bibliográfica dedicada al análisis de los artículos del periódico brasileño Psicologia: reflexão e crítica, enfocando los elementos que contribuyen a la atención a las personas mayores como sujetos que componen la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA). Teniendo en cuenta las palabras clave “envejecimiento”, “vejez”, “viejo”, “viejos”, “vieja”, “viejas”, fue posible localizar 40 artículos publicados entre los años 2000 y 2012. Para el análisis de los datos, ha sido utilizada la técnica del análisis del contenido. Los resultados muestran nueve elementos que subsidian la reflexión y la acción orientadas a las personas mayores en la EJA

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Idosos na EJA: contribuições a partir do periódico Psicologia: reflexão e crítica (de 2000 a 2012)

According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), population aging integrates our current context and occurs extensively in Brazil, which makes it worth considering by public social policies. On this account, it is important to understand that aging is a heterogeneous process marked by losses and gains as some of our cognitive functions tend to decline while others remain and are enhanced over time, especially those connected with cultural stimuli. In this sense, education towards the elderly is of great importance and it must be conceived from continuing education, linked to the concept of lifelong education. As the Youth and Adult Education (EJA) is one of the actions promoted by lifelong education as well as one of the educational spaces having the presence of the elderly, it is important to understand who they are, the ones integrating this type of basic education, in order to provide them with appropriate service regarding their specificities and interests so that their right to quality education is guaranteed as it is established by the national legislation. This research was based on the analysis of articles of the Brazilian journal of Psychology - Psychology: Reflection and critique - in order to identify elements that can collaborate with the service provided to the elderly while subjects composing the EJA. Therefore, a bibliographical research was carried out in which 40 articles of the journal in question were selected, between the years 2000-2012, having the following keywords as the criteria: aging, old age, the elderly, elderly men, elderly women. To perform the analysis of the articles the technique of content analysis was employed. From the analysis of the articles it was possible to organize nine elements that contribute to the reflection and action towards the service provided to the elderly in the EJA: 1) meet the specificities, needs and interests of the elderly seeking the EJA, thus understanding the heterogeneity of aging; 2) understand that the cognition of the elderly involves gains and losses and a favorable cultural environment can offset losses and promote cognitive gains; 3) stimulate the high sense of self-efficacy of these elderly subjects; 4) understand that the processes of teaching and learning can be enhanced with the collective environment of intergenerational interaction of the EJA; 5) seek to overcome stereotypes, prejudices and negative beliefs about old age; 6) understand that the tools and knowledge provided by schooling are relevant to the autonomy, citizenship and social inclusion of the elderly in the present society; 7) value the knowledge and life experience that the elderly carry; 8) provide educational materials which are adequate for the reductions of some sensory abilities, such as vision and hearing; 9) conceive the perspective of development throughout life (life-span). In this sense, we suggest the social and academic relevance of the theme of the elderly in the EJA and the furtherance of new studies and research in order to increase scientific production in education and consolidate the knowledge about the educational practice for this population.Financiadora de Estudos e ProjetosSegundo dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), o envelhecimento populacional integra o nosso contexto atual e ocorre intensamente no Brasil, devendo ser considerado pelas políticas públicas sociais. A partir disso, é importante entender que o envelhecimento é um processo heterogêneo, marcado por perdas e ganhos, sendo que algumas funções cognitivas tendem a declinar e outras a se manter e a se aprimorar com o passar do tempo, principalmente aquelas que estão vinculadas a estímulos culturais. Nesse contexto, a educação voltada aos idosos possui grande importância e deve ser concebida a partir da educação permanente, vinculada ao conceito de educação ao longo da vida. Sendo a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) uma das ações impulsionadas pela educação ao longo da vida e um dos espaços educativos que possui a presença de idosos, é preciso compreender quem são os sujeitos idosos que integram essa modalidade da educação básica, a fim de fornecer-lhes atendimento adequado às suas especificidades e aos seus interesses, buscando garantir-lhes o direito à educação de qualidade, estabelecido pela legislação nacional. A presente pesquisa se pautou na análise de artigos do periódico brasileiro da Psicologia - Psicologia: reflexão e crítica - a fim de levantar elementos que podem colaborar com o atendimento de idosos enquanto sujeitos que compõe a EJA. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica, selecionando 40 artigos do periódico em questão, entre os anos 2000 a 2012, utilizando como critério as palavras-chave: envelhecimento, velhice, idoso, idosos, idosa, idosas. Para realizar a análise dos artigos utilizamos a técnica de análise de conteúdo. A partir da análise dos artigos foi possível organizar nove elementos que colaboram com a reflexão e a ação voltada ao atendimento aos sujeitos idosos na EJA: 1) conhecer as especificidades, necessidades e interesses dos idosos que buscam a EJA, entendendo a heterogeneidade do envelhecimento; 2) entender que a cognição dos idosos envolve ganhos e perdas e um ambiente cultural propício pode compensar perdas e promover ganhos cognitivos; 3) estimular o alto senso de autoeficácia desses sujeitos idosos; 4) entender que os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem podem ser potencializados a partir do ambiente coletivo de convívio intergeracional da EJA; 5) buscar a superação de estereótipos, preconceitos e crenças negativas em torno da velhice; 6) entender que os instrumentos e conhecimentos fornecidos pela escolarização são relevantes para a autonomia, o exercício da cidadania e inserção social dos sujeitos idosos na sociedade atual; 7) valorizar os conhecimentos e as experiências de vida que os sujeitos idosos possuem; 8) fornecer materiais didáticos adequados às diminuições de algumas capacidades sensoriais, como por exemplo, a visão e a audição; 9) conceber a perspectiva de desenvolvimento ao longo da vida (life-span). Dessa forma, sugere-se a relevância social e acadêmica da temática dos idosos na EJA e o fomento de novos estudos e pesquisas, a fim de potencializar a produção científica na área da educação e fortificar o conhecimento sobre a prática pedagógica voltada a essa população